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Lords Proprietors.

Carolina Lords Proprietors. Articles of Agreement between the Lords Proprietors. 1674. Constitutional and Organic Papers, S131003. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Columbia, SC.

Timeline of Primary Sources

Colonization, Settlement, and Communities (1607 to 1763)

The Revolution and the New Nation (1763 to 1815)

Expansion and Reform (1801 to 1861)

Crisis of the Union: Civil War and Reconstruction (1850 to 1877)

The Development of Modern America (1865 to 1920)

Modern America and the World Wars (1914 to 1945)

Contemporary America (1945 to Present)

A note regarding sources

These primary sources were gathered for and by Teaching American History participants, to help tie broader themes of American History to South Carolina events and people.  With primary sources, students interpret historical events through the words and images left by real people inhabiting a living past.  Further, local primary sources personalize broad topics, providing powerful experiences in constructing historical understanding.  Working with primary sources develops critical analysis and creative thinking.  Of course, primary documents can also be used to teach English and language arts, math, and science.

This collection consists primarily of written or typed documents.  Other types of primary sources accessible through the cultural institutions, such as artifacts, objects, art, buildings, or geographic locations, can be incorporated into the teaching of history.  Such sources can be “read” in much the same way as words.  Most exciting, cultural institutions are willing to share their resources and their passion for history with teachers and students.

Statement on use and reproduction
Images and texts on these pages are intended for research or educational use. Please read our statement on use and reproduction for further information on how to obtain a photocopy or how to cite an item.

Colonization, Settlement, and Communities (1607 to 1763)

Henry Woodward Letter, 1670 Louis Thibou Letter, 1683 Cattle Brand Records, 1697-1699 Map of Charleston, 1704 Slave Sale Announcements
Letter from Henry Woodward to Sir John Yeamans, September 1670
Articles of Agreement between the Lords Proprietors, 1674
Letter from Louis Thibou to Friends and Family in France, 1683
Cattle Brand Records, 1697-1699
Map of Charleston by Edward Crisp, "A Compleat Description of the Province of Carolina in 3 Parts," 1711
Letter from Frances Rokeby to Reverend Mr. Rose regarding settling in Carolina to Christianize the Native Americans, 1707
Map of North and South Carolina by Herman Moll, 1717
Inventory of Thomas Drayton estate (inlcudes names of slaves and value), 1724
Map of the Cherokee Country and the Path Thereto by George Hunter, 1730
Architectural Clues from the South Carolina Gazette, 1735-1769
Ad from South Carolina Gazette by Gillson Clapp selling a lot in Dorchester that contains "a good brick Dwelling house" and a "wooden Store," 1735
Ads from South Carolina Gazette for the sale of a "choice Cargo of Healthy Negroes" and a "very fine Cargo of able-bodied Gambia Negroes" in Charleston, June 1739
Letter from Governor Bull to the Royal Council regarding the Stono Rebellion, October 1739
"An Act for the Better Ordering and Governing of Negroes and Other Slaves in this Province" or Slave Code of South Carolina, May 1740
Bill Of Sale for 100 Pounds for "One Boy Named Limrick" from Mark Guthry to John Nealson in Charleston, March 1742
Plan for the town of Dorchester, June 1742
Contract of Indenture for Michael Gyger to Culchetch Golightly, January 1744
Account from South Carolina Gazette listing imported and exported goods in Charleston, June 1745
Inventory of Estate of Walter Izard of St. George's Dorchester Parish (listing slaves, livestock, household goods, land holdings, and investments), January 1750
"A Treaty of Peace and Friendship..." Indian Treaty between the Cherokee Nation and South Carolina, 1761
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The Revolution and the New Nation (1763 to 1815)

Articles of Association 1776Constitution1 Map of Sullivan's Island Page 1 of Burnet Letter Jefferson to Whitney, 16 Nov 1793
Proclamation by King George III of Great Britain (restricting settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains), October 1763
Resolutions of the Commons House of Assembly in South Carolina Responding to the Stamp Act, November 1765
A Map of the Province of South Carolina by James Cook, 1773
Charleston Tea Party Article in the South Carolina Gazette, 21 November 1774

South Carolina Articles of Association for the District East of the Wateree, 1775

Circular Letter from William Henry Drayton Accusing Moses Kirkland of Violating the Public Peace, 1775
Constitution of the State of South Carolina, 1776
Map of "A Plan of the Attack Fort Sullivan" by William Faden, June 1776
Illustration of "A View of the Attack Made by the British Fleet...Against Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island," June 1776
Flag of the 2nd SC Regiment presented after the Battle on Sullivan's Island, 1776
Treaty of Dewitt's Corner between the Cherokee Nation and South Carolina, 1777
“Plan of the Battle Fought Near Camden, 16 August 1780, " by William Faden

Letter from Francis Marion to Peter Horry after Battle of Camden, August 1780

"A Narrative of the Capture of Henry Laurens, of His Confinement in the Tower of London," 1780
Letter from Ichabod Burnet (as aide de camp to Nathanael Greene), 1781

Mary Broun’s petition to the South Carolina General Assembly on behalf of her husband, Archibald, 1783

Certificate of Indenture for Rebecca Motte's "House of Freedom" during Revolutionary War, 1783
Original Plat of Columbia, 1786
Return of the Presidential Electors of South Carolina Casting their Vote for George Washington, February 1789
Letter from George Washington to Governor Pinckney regarding the proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution, October 1789
Letter from Eli Whitney, Jr. to his father regarding his invention of the cotton gin, 11 September 1793
Letter from Thomas Jefferson (as Secretary of State) to Eli Whitney, Jr. regarding his patent application for the cotton gin, 16 November 1793
Ads from Georgia Gazette regarding Eli Whitney's cotton gin, 1794-1795

Petition from Pennsylvania Abolition Societies asking South Carolina to abolish the slave trade, 1795

Manumission of Jehu Jones from Christopher Rogers of Charleston for 100 pounds, January 1798
Inventory for Estate of Charles Moore of Spartanburg, June 1805
William Ioor's play, Independence, 1805
Article (in French and English) on the Embargo Act, 1807
Letter from John J. Chappell to Seybert Odum regarding hardships of the trade Embargo during the war with Great Britain, 1813
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Expansion and Reform (1801 to 1861)

Benjamin Hawkins and the Creek Indians Painting, click here to view the painting in Flash. Carr Journal Page 1 Mills Drawings, page 1, click here to view the document in Flash. 1849 Map MB 12-9  
Painting by unknown artist: Benjamin Hawkins and the Creek Indians, 1805
Letter from Susan Blanding to Elizabeth Carpenter, December 1808
List of slave children purchased by James Chesnut of Camden, 1815
Journal of James Carr of Maine (documenting his travels from Maine to Charleston as part of his shipping business--includes lyrics to slave songs), 1815-6
Register of Births of slave children on the plantation owned by Francis Bernard Higgins of Newberry District, 1820-1841
Speech by William Crafts at the laying of the cornerstones for the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, July 1822
Architectural Drawings by Robert Mills for the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, ca. 1822
"Court Proceedings and Testimony regarding the Denmark Vesey Rebellion," June-August 1822

“Narrative of the Events Comprising the Vesey Rebellion,” 10 August 1822 

Obituary for Eli Whitney, in Niles Weekly Register, 25 January 1825
Mills Atlas of the State of South Carolina by Robert Mills, 1825
Letter from James Gadsdento General Andrew Jackson regarding 1824 Presidential election, 1826
Exposition and Protest, Reported by the Special Committee of the House of Representatives, on the Tariff, 19 December 1828
Map of the Railroad between Charleston and Hamburg, 1829
Article in the Columbia Telescope on the forced migration of the Creek Nation from Alabama to "Indian Territory" in present-day Oklahoma, 1829
Ads and Ship News from the Charleston Daily Courier, 1830
Articles in the Charleston Mercury about Rail Road Accident, June 1831
Runaway Slave Advertisement for slaves named Haley and Tom, March 1832
Article in the Columbia Telescope about toasts delivered by state leaders on the topic of Nullification while at a Barbecue in Newberry, 1833
Bill of Sale for two slave children (a boy named Limus and a girl named Sue) to Lewis O'Bryan, Jr., of Colleton District, June 1835
Letter from Sarah Fountain in Alabama to her sister Hannah Coker in South Carolina, 27 December 1835
Letters from patients of the State Lunatic Asylum: The Moody and Townes Letters, 1835 and 1884
Treaty of Nations Ford between the Catawba and the State of South Carolina, 1840
Trial Papers of Wyat Harris , a free black man in Spartanburg accused of stealing an overcoat from Thomas Woodruff, 1842
Ad in Sumter Banner by William Ellison for "Improved Cotton Gins," December 1848
"A New Map of South Carolina..." by S. Augustus Mitchell (outlining major roads, canals, and rail lines across the state), 1849
Slave labor contract Between Wm. Belser and Wm. Boyd for hire of 24 slaves to work on the South Carolina Rail Road, March 1849
Agricultural Census records for selected farmers and planters in Charleston, Lexington, and Marion Districts, 1850
Petition to the General Assembly of South Carolina for State Aid for the Blue Ridge Railroad (to connect Charleston to Cincinnati by rail), c.1855
Letter from William Ellison to Henry Ellison regarding accounts with family cotton gin business, 26 March 1857
Plantation Day Book for J. Eli Gregg showing amounts of cotton picked by slaves, 1857
List of Taxable Items that includes Slaves as well as farm animals, clocks, and carriages, June 1858
Broadside for Slave Auction at "Ryan's Mart, Chalmers Street" and "List for a Prime and Orderly Gang of 47 Negroes," 1859
Broadside for Slave Auction by Shingler Brothers for "A Remarkably Prime Gang of 235 Negroes belonging to the Estate of the Late General James Gadsden," 1859
Broadside for Slave Auction at "The Mart, In Chalmers Street" for a "Prime Gang of 235 Negroes belonging to the Estate of the late Gen. Jas. Gadsden," 1860
Broadside for Slave Auction at the "Mart in Chalmers Street" for "A Prime and Valuable Gang of 102 Negroes Accustomed to the Culture of Rice and Cotton," 1860
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Crisis of the Union: Civil War and Reconstruction (1850 to 1877)

Ordinance of Secession Portrait of James Campbell View from the Statehouse    
Article from Marion Star on fugitive slaves escaping to Canada, May 1852
Resolutions passed by the General Assembly of South Carolina in Response to John Brown's Raid of Harper's Ferry, 1859
Speech of Benjamin F. Perry of South Carolina in the National Democratic Convention at Charleston, defending the Union, 1860
Resolution to call the election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act, 9 November 1860
Speech from William King Easley of Pickens supporting Secession, December 1860
Letters between Governor Francis W. Pickens and President James Buchanan, 17-18 December 1860
"An Ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of South Carolina and other States," or the South Carolina Ordinance of Secession, 20 December 1860
"Declaration of Immediate Causes which May Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union", 24 December 1860
Letter from SC Commissioners to President James Buchanan Asking Him to Withdraw Federal Troops from Charleston Harbor, 28 December 1860

Letter from President James Buchanan to SC Commissioners regarding Federal Troops in Charleston Harbor, 30 December 1860

Letter from A.G. Magrath to J.W. Hayne regarding Fort Sumter, January 1861
Article from the Charleston Mercury describing the "Bombardment of Fort Sumter!", 13 April 1861
Governor Francis W. Pickens' Proclamation Convening Legislature to Elect Electors of President and Vice President and two Senators, July 1861
Letter from Governor Francis W. Pickens to President Jefferson Davis regarding General Robert E. Lee, November 1861
Letters between James and Alexander Campbell after the Battle of Secessionville (brothers on opposing sides of the war), June 1862
Article from the Charleston Daily Courier describing wartime conditions while on "A Trip on a South Carolina Railroad", July 1862
Claim of Samuel Kingman for Hannah, Clara, Lizzie, and Beauregard Smalls, the wife and children of Robert Smalls, November 1862 and April 1863
Petition to the General Assembly of South Carolina for Free Rail Travel for Officers of Volunteer Companies in Confederate Service, c. 1865
Letter from Francis S. Parker to Governor Andrew G. Magrath regarding the unrest among the enslaved in the Lowcountry, 24 December 1864
Proclamation and letter from Governor Andrew G. Magrath expressing his views on the state and the Confederate cause, December 1864 & 11 January 1865
Article from the Daily South Carolinian anticipating Sherman's March through South Carolina, January 1865
Petition to Governor Andrew G. Magrath asking for a military exemption for J.A. Stevenson, 7 January 1865
Photograph of Main Street from the Statehouse in Columbia after Sherman's March, February 1865
Circular letter from Governor Andrew G. Magrath urging the military for continued public and private support, 23 February 1865
Letter from Mayor Thomas J. Goodwyn to Governor Andrew G. Magrath following Sherman's March through the Carolinas, 2 March 1865
Letter from W.F. de Saussure to Governor Andrew G. Magrath regarding the "'silent sufferers" among the faculty at the University of South Carolina, 15 April 1865
Diary Entry from Emma Edwards Holmes of Camden regarding the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, 22 April 1865
Pardon for Henry A. Middleton by President Andrew Johnson "for taking part in the late rebellion," May 1865
Oath of Allegiance for Jacob F. Strait of Chester, 31 August 1865
"An Act to Establish and Regulate the Domestic Relations of Persons of Color..." or the Black Codes of South Carolina, December 1865
Letter of reflection on Southern secession from Benjamin F. Perry (unionist and SC Governor), September 1866
Letter from William Baker to Mary Baker regarding life and hardships in Texas, 14 October 1866
Letter from Elias Horry Deas, a plantation owner, to his daughter regarding sharecropping contracts, 20 October 1866
Poem reflecting on the Civil War, "Six Years Ago," 5 October 1866
Freedmen's Contract between C.K. Singleton and 32 Freedmen, 22 January 1867
Contract between D.T. Crosby and 5 Freedmen, ("Free Labor Contract"), April 1867
Freedmen's Contract with Henry A. Middleton, February 1868
Constitution for the State of South Carolina, 1868
Petition written by Elizabeth Jenkins after Civil War when divorce rights were given to women, 1869
Revision to Freedmen's Contract with Henry A. Middleton, January 1870
Stereograph of East Bay Street in Charleston, ca. 1870s
Excerpt from Edward King's The Great South, 1875
Letter from B.F. Whittemore to Governor Daniel H. Chamberlain regarding the assassination of Alfred Rush, a state representative, May 1876
Letter from Attorney General William Stone to Governor Daniel H. Chamberlain regarding the Hamburg Massacre, July 1876
Letter from Robert Smalls to Governor Daniel H. Chamberlain regarding riots among freedmen along the Combahee River, August 1876
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The Development of Modern America (1865 to 1920)

Map of Columbia, 1870 Composite Photo of SC Delegates to 1895 Constitution Camp Wetherill Photograph, click here to view the document in Flash. Scott Service Record, page 1, click here to view the document in Flash. Page 12
Map of Columbia drawn by Wade Hampton Gibbes, November 1870
Inaugural Address of Governor Benjamin R. Tillman, 4 December 1890
Editorial by N.G. Gonzales, founder of The State, regarding cotton mills and "Harmful Factory Legislation," 26 January 1897
Letters from Governor John Gary Evans and his Secretary, 1895-1896
Composite Photograph of Delegates to the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, 1895
Political Cartoon in the People's Advocate ( “Suggested by Senator Benjamin R. Tillman's Speech in the Senate of the United States ”), 19 March 1896
Political Cartoon in Judge ("The Silver Candle and the Moths"), 25 July 1896
Letters from Congressman Matthew Calbraith Butler regarding the Spanish-American War, 1898
Photographs of Camp Wetherill (near Greenville), ca. 1898
Poems from Peace Jubilee Souvenir: War Rhymes Grave and Gay, 1898
Telegram to The Darlingtonian and letter from Coleman Blease to William Ellerby regarding the Spanish-American War, April-May 1898
Muster Rolls of the Spanish American War for 1st SC Company F and 2nd SC Company C, 1898-1899
Service Record for Walter N. Scott, Spanish-American War veteran, 1898-1899
Editorial from Charleston News and Courier ("Trifles Before Evils"), regarding segregation laws, 17 February 1898
"An Act to Require Separate Coaches for White and Black Travelers on the Railroad," South Carolina Segregation Law, 1898
Newspaper headline from Charleston News and Courier ( "The Roads to Charleston are Open!"), regarding rail line connecting Charleston to Cincinnati, 30 April 1899
Photograph of parade on Main Street in Columbia during the Spanish-American War, ("Parade on Main"), ca. 1899
Photographs of Pelham Mill, Camperdown Mill, and the American Spinning Company in Greenville, ca. 1905
Report by Philip H. Gadsden on immigration, ("Immigration to the South"), 1907
Article by A.J. McKelway on "Child Labor in the Carolinas," 30 January 1909
Map showing tenants farming on land belonging to the Hamer family of Richland County, November 1912
Pamphlet regarding women's rights and equal suffrage ("Platform Adopted by the Equal Suffrage League of South Carolina"), 1914
"An Act to Require School Attendance" in South Carolina, 20 February 1915
Ads for new household inventions from The State, February 1915
Letters from Governor Richard I. Manning regarding prohibition, September-November 1918
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Modern America and the World Wars (1914 to 1945)

Boll Weevil Illustration I Can Read Flapper Cotton Pickers  
Photographs of World War I military camps (Camp Jackson in Columbia and Camp Moore in Styx), 1917-1919
Reports by the South Carolina Boll Weevil Commission regarding decrease in cotton production due to infestation, 1917 & 1921
Letter from Andrew A. Manning to William Sinkler Manning on inevitablity of U.S. involvment in World War I, 25 March 1917
Letter from Cornelius Kollock to his mother on life in the military, ca. June 1917
Letter from Cornelius Kollock to Mary regarding his military training, 25 June 1917
Letter from Cornelius Kollock to his mother regarding activities in Chattanooga, Tennessee, 9 July 1917
Letter from Windsor Castle to Cornelius Kollock on the arrival of American troops in Europe, April 1918
Postcard from Cornelius Kollock to his mother on the 81st "Wildcat" Division, 3 April 1918
Letter from Cornelius Kollock to his mother on wound received in Bordeaux, France, 14 November 1918
Letter from Oliver Kollock to his brother Cornelius Kollock regarding news at The Citadel, 1 December 1918
Letter from the South Carolina State Council of Defense to Senator Lee Overman regarding pro-German sentiment raised by F.J.H. von Engelken, 21 January 1919
"What Would You Do With A Million?," Florence Daily Times Investment Ad, 23 April 1920
"This Coupon," News & Courier Investment Ad, 2 March 1920
"Why Is The Standard?," The State Investment Ad, 1 July 1920
Adult Students from Wil Lou Gray Opportunity Schools, ca. 1920s
Drawing of a Flapper by Elizabeth Watson, ca. 1920s
News clipping of William H. Johnson Exhibit at Florence YMCA, ca. 1926
"Whites Come To Be Majority," A Report on Population Shifts, South Carolina: A Handbook, 1927
Letter from Alexander Salley Heyward to Virginia Nicholson regarding his father's dismal economic fortunes, 1 November 1929
Articles on textile mills in Greenville from the Greenville Daily News and the Greenville Journal, 1929, 1978, and 2003
Photographs showing struggles of farming families in South Carolina, ca. 1930s
Letters between Mrs. M.E. Buyce and Governor John Gardiner Richards, January 1931
Letter from Sam A. Danner to Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, 25 February 1931
Letter from Andrew A. Law to William Sinkler Manning on economic outlook after the stock market crash, 7 March 1931
Letters between M.R. Smith and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, March 1933
Letters between Walton Taylor and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, March 1933
Letter from C.W. Van Houten to the State Banking Department, March 1933
Letters between T.L. Smith and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, April 1933
Letters between R.E. Wright and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, June 1933
Letters between Mrs. Ida B. Thomas and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, August 1933
Letters between Marion Williams and Governor Ibra C. Blackwood, October 1933
Letter from Mattie Martin to Governor Olin Johnston, February 1935
Letters between Mrs. Ralph Majors and Governor Olin Johnston, May 1935
Letters between Rev. R.M. Myers and Governor Olin Johnston, October 1935
WPA Negro Guide to South Carolina, 1936-1937
Letter from Hyman Rubin to Shep Pearlstine regarding the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany, 21 November 1938
Letters between Sam Berry and Governor Olin Johnston, April 1938
Letters between Mrs. Hattie W. Alexander and Governor Olin Johnston, August 1938
Photographs from the Farm Security Administration (New Deal), 1937-1939
Letter from Lilly Chunn to Etta Chunn Crary on the outbreak of war and Adolf Hitler, 16 November 1939
Recreation Improvement Handbook for the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 1940
Article by Augustus Ladson on "The Charleston Insurrection of 1919," WPA Negro Writer's Project, 1941
"Japan Attacks U.S." from The Anderson Independent, 7 December 1941
Ads regarding the home front during World War II from The Camden Chronicle, 1943
Ads for variety of consumer products from The Anderson Independent, 10 February 1944
Letter from John (Jack) W. Moses to Virginia Manning regarding his experience fighting in France, 22 December 1944
Political cartoons relating to the end of World War II, 1945
South Carolina Servicemen After the War, a report on soldiers returning home, 1945
Letter from Samuel Want to Principals of Darlington Schools to raise money for the war effort, 25 October 1945
Letter from Charlotte Stevenson stationed in Germany to her family, 19 November 1945
"Veterans Remeber War's End," An article on World War II Veterans from The Anderson Independent
Brochure to raise money for the South Carolina War Fund for World War II
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Contemporary America (1945 to Present)

Briggs v. Elliott Petition Article on Mill Closing, 1978 Brandon Mill Photograph, 2003.    
Pamphlet promoting Florence County as a commercial center, ca. 1945
[video] Interview with Harold R. Boulware, lead attorney in Elmore v. Rice, 1947, as recorded by "Quest for Human/Civil Rights" Documentary Series
Photographs of Schools (Liberty Hill Colored and Summerton Graded) used in Briggs v. Elliott case, c.1948
Petition of Harry Briggs, et al., to the Board of Trustees for School District No. 22. 11 November 1949
Resolution by the SC General Assembly to Remove Judge J. Waties Waring from the state, February 1950.
Brochure promoting tourism and "The Negro Traveler's Green Book", 1950s
Report by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on "Facts and Figures. The Savannah River Plant" (includes map), 1952
Letter from John (Johnny) W. Moses to his father-in-law Andrew A. Manning and Din about his experience in Korea, 19 June 1953
Handwritten note by Septima Clark and letter to Carolyn Collins regarding law discriminating against members of the NAACP, 1956
Broadside promoting Ku Klux Klan Rally in Swansea, 20 April 1957
Ads from The State for General Electric, Realemonade, and Pepsi Cola promoting women as efficient homemakers, June 1958
Ads from The State Seeking "Male Help" and "Female Help", June 1958
Ads promoting civil defense during the Cold War (guide for building "The Family Fallout Shelter" and poster reminding workers to stay "On Your Toes"), 1959-60
Photograph of student protesters with sign "We Must Choose Peace at Any Price...", ca. 1960s
Press Release on Orangeburg Massacre by W.E.B. DuBois Club and interview with Philip G. Grose, 1968 and 1979
Letter from H.C. De Wet in South Africa to William C. Frierson in South Carolina regarding world events of the time, 29 April 1968
Article from The Gamecock regarding student protests at the University of South Carolina, ("Gas, Bricks Were No Mistake"), 13 May 1970
Article from News and Courier and Exxon Ad from The State about OPEC Crisis, October 1973
[video] Interviews with South Carolinians about the Watergate Scandal, 1973
[video] Environmentalists Support the Congaree Swamp Park, 1975
Letter to Governor James B. Edwards regarding the preservation of the Congaree Swamp, 11 January 1976
Photographs of Brandon Mill, Old Pelham Mill, and Shoeless Joe Jackson Baseball Field, Greenville, 2003
Articles on textile mills in Greenville from the Greenville Daily News and the Greenville Journal, 1929, 1978, and 2003
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2009 Teaching American History in South Carolina Project. "Statement of Use and Reproduction."